Important Differences Between Cosmetic Surgery And Plastic Surgery

Although the majority of people use the terms “cosmetic surgery” and “plastic surgery” interchangeably, they refer to very different techniques, procedures and practices.

Cosmetic surgery normally refers to procedures that are used to improve or change the appearance of a nose, eyes, eyebrows or other facial features, including the teeth (cosmetic dentistry). It is always an elective surgery since it is not medically indicated for improving a patient’s physical well-being.

The motivation for much cosmetic surgery is often self-esteem. Cosmetic surgery can help people remove or change a certain physical feature that, as a result, makes them happier with their appearance and enhances their self-confidence, as well.

On the other hand, plastic (or “reconstructive”) surgery may involve the removal of cancerous tissues, or the process of moving or adapting other tissue. Rather than being merely for appearance, as in cosmetic surgery, the goal of plastic surgery is to restore form and function to the affected areas.

Plastic surgery does overlap at times with cosmetic surgery, especially regarding the restoration of normal appearance after massively invasive operations like mastectomies (breast removal). A portion of this particular procedure is plastic surgery, a portion can be considered cosmetic surgery, and there are methods in place to determine, for insurance purposes, how much of each type is involved.

Most people think plastic surgery is the same as cosmetic surgery because of the terminology, but the fact is that plastic surgery did not get its name from “plastic,” the material, but from the Greek word “plastikos.” This word basically means “to mold or shape.” This is why plastic surgery addresses such issues as birth defects, trauma victims and crippling, disfiguring disease.

A baby that is born with a cleft palate needs surgery to correct that condition, and this would be considered plastic or reconstructive surgery. Because the cleft palate can be a serious problem and affect quality of life, it is a medically necessary procedure. Medical necessity is also another important distinction between cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery, which is why plastic surgeries aimed at restoring normal functioning are generally covered by insurance. Cosmetic surgeries are not.

Despite the main purpose of plastic surgery being the restoration of normal form and function, there is a fine line between cosmetic and plastic surgery that is often fuzzy. Sometimes a certain surgery may be needed to restore normal functioning, although it also has an aesthetic component and improves appearance.

Cosmetic surgery is best thought of as surgery that has the goal of improving form, appearance and self-esteem. It is a way of altering the shape of a patientÂ’s body for the purpose of making the patient feel better, more emotionally than physically most of the time. Plastic surgery, on the other hand, helps patients to regain functionality, which has positive effects both emotionally and physically.

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Plastic Surgery and Plastic Materials – What Do The Two Have In Common?

While the sub specialty of medicine known as Plastic Surgery (one of the 22 recognized specialties of medicine) is now so incredibly common, there are few who would not know what it is. But yet, I will occasionally get asked this question by a new patient during our consultation…’now tell me where the plastic goes’…or…’will the plastic used in the operation get infected?’ Indicating that some still believe that the name ‘plastic’ in Plastic Surgery relates to a material and that plastic surgery operations involve putting in plastic materials.

While the time periods of development for both Plastic Surgery and plastic materials are similar, there is no direct link between the two. It was not given its name because it used plastic materials in surgery. The Greek word, ‘plastikos’, whicih means to mold, shape, or give form to is the meaning behind the naming of the medical specialty Plastic Surgery. And this is certainly an accurate description of what Plastic Surgeons do…cut, shape, and mold tissues to give human body parts recognizeable forms whether it be for reconstructive purposes or for cosmetic alterations. Plastic Surgery organized itself into a formal society in 1931 with the formation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, recently condensed to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. It’s first formal training program began several years earlier in 1924 with the establishment of the first plastic surgery residency at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. Formal board-certification in this started in 1937 which dramatically raised the standards for the specialty.

Plastic materials developed right around the same time frame as Plastic Surgery. The earliest true thermosetting plastics had their beginning in the late 1800s with the commerically successful product known as Bakelite introduced in Britain in the early 1900s. But DuPont with its polyamide (nylon 66) plastic in the 1930s popularized the material here in the United States. New plastics followed quickly such as polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. (acrylic). All these plastic materials become tremendously popular and necessary during World War II as components of many military products such as aircraft canopies and radar units. And here is where Plastic Surgery and plastic materials share yet another similarity…their development was propelled by wars, WWI and WWII. Military conflicts and the need for personal protection (plastic materials) and in the treatment of their war-related injuries (Plastic Surgery) served as a catalyst for both of their developments.

A final sidenote of both of their pre-WWII history is that they similarly converged to deal with a growing problem in the 1930s…motor vehicle accidents. As cars became more common, so did auto accidents and injuries from the shattering of glass windshields. Most commonly, severe facial lacerations resulted from windshields at the time. Plastic surgeons expressed concern about this problem and manufacturers, such as DuPont, were spurned on by these efforts to develop shatterproof windshields.

As Plastic Surgery performs many huundreds of different operations from the face and throughout the body, very few have ever actually required plastic materials to make the operation successful. While breast and facial implants, which are very common and popular cosmetic operations today do use synthetic materials, they are a silicone-based rubber material. Technically, not a plastic material in the organic chemistry sense. Only one operation in all of Plastic Surgery has ever really used a plastic material and that is an acrylic cranioplasty where a section of the skull is replaced by a ‘plastic piece’. While not as commonly done today, acrylic cranioplasties are still done by some Plastic Surgeons and neurosurgeons as well.